About kienbock disease
What is kienbock disease?
Kienbock Disease is an acquired bone disorder. Abnormalities of the lunate bone in the wrist develops following an injury or inflammation. Recurrent pain and stiffness occur in conjunction with thickening, swelling and tenderness in soft tissue overlying the lunate bone. The range of motion in the wrist may become limited.
What are the symptoms for kienbock disease?
In the early stage of the disease, your wrist is painful. As the disease progresses, symptoms include:
- Tenderness over the bone
- stiffness
- swelling
- decreased hand grip
- difficulty turning the hand upward
- clicking sound when your wrist moves
What are the causes for kienbock disease?
The exact cause of Kienbock’s disease is unknown.
What are the treatments for kienbock disease?
The goal is to prevent further bone loss.
Medications
In the early stages of avascular necrosis, certain medications may help ease symptoms:
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Over-the-counter medications like ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) or naproxen sodium (Aleve) might help relieve pain associated with avascular necrosis. Stronger NSAIDs are available by prescription.
- Osteoporosis drugs. These types of medications might slow the progression of avascular necrosis, but the evidence is mixed.
- Cholesterol-lowering drugs. Reducing the amount of cholesterol and fat in the blood might help prevent the vessel blockages that can cause avascular necrosis.
- Medications that open blood vessels. Iloprost (Ventavis) might increase blood flow to the affected bone. More study is needed.
- Blood thinners. For clotting disorders, blood thinners, such as warfarin (Jantoven), might prevent clots in the vessels feeding the bones.
Therapy
Your health care provider might recommend:
- Rest. Restricting physical activity or using crutches for several months to keep weight off the joint might help slow the bone damage.
- Exercises. A physical therapist can teach exercises to help maintain or improve the range of motion in the joint.
- Electrical stimulation. Electrical currents might encourage the body to grow new bone to replace the damaged bone. Electrical stimulation can be used during surgery and applied directly to the damaged area. Or it can be administered through electrodes attached to the skin.
Surgical and other procedures
Because most people don't develop symptoms until avascular necrosis is advanced, your health care provider might recommend surgery. The options include:
- Core decompression. A surgeon removes part of the inner layer of bone. Besides reducing pain, the extra space inside the bone triggers the production of healthy bone tissue and new blood vessels.
- Bone transplant (graft). This procedure can help strengthen the area of bone affected by avascular necrosis. The graft is a section of healthy bone taken from another part of the body.
- Bone reshaping (osteotomy). A wedge of bone is removed above or below a weight-bearing joint, to help shift weight off the damaged bone. Bone reshaping might help postpone joint replacement.
- Joint replacement. If the affected bone has collapsed or other treatments aren't helping, surgery can replace the damaged parts of the joint with plastic or metal parts.
- Regenerative medicine treatment. Bone marrow aspirate and concentration is a newer procedure that might help avascular necrosis of the hip in early stages. During surgery, the surgeon removes a sample of dead hipbone and inserts stem cells taken from bone marrow in its place. This might allow new bone to grow. More study is needed.
What are the risk factors for kienbock disease?
It’s often associated with an injury to your wrist, such as a fall, that affects blood supply to your lunate. It also is associated with repetitive micro-injuries to your wrist, such as from jackhammer use.